An unopened carcass over 72 h inhibits sporulation of the vegetative cells, resulting in the end of their life cycle. The vegetative cells do not last long outside the host body without sporulation. This organism is an aerobic, or facultatively anaerobic, capsulated bacterium that produces spores upon exposure to the environment through different body fluids of a dead carcass, enabling long survival. This review intends to give a fair knowledge of the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and control of this disease.Īnthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. This disease is still a challenge to farm animal production in many countries. When an outbreak occurs in a defined area, it is necessary to take early steps to break the infection cycle by maintaining strict biosecurity and vaccinating uninfected animals. This bacterium is susceptible to many antibiotics, yet only penicillin and oxytetracycline have the most effective under field conditions. The blood may fail to clot and can be found in the mouth, nostrils, and anus in the animals that die from anthrax. In severely infected cases, the animals are dead without premonitory clinical signs. The clinical courses of this disease in animals are peracute, acute, subacute, and chronic forms. Anthrax is enzootic in many Asian and African countries, and is reported in Australia, some parts of Europe, and America. Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, produces spores and persists for decades in the soil, initiating an outbreak through a favorable climate shift. In the farm animals, cattle and sheep are more susceptible, followed by goats and horses, while dwarf pigs and Algerian sheep are relatively resistant. Anthrax is a rapidly fatal infectious disease affecting herbivores and people.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |